On October 4, 2023, Yermurat Bapi, a member of Kazakhstan’s Mazhilis, the lower house of parliament, warned, “Over the past few years, outside movements of Islam, threatening to undermine social and everyday foundations have developed in Kazakhstani society, and these threats are becoming increasingly widespread.” The next month, on November

almost certainly spurred by citizens of the Central Asian states’ involvement in terrorist plots and acts outside the region. All this has happened before in Central Asia, but previous extremism or terrorism problems affected only an individual Central Asian country. Now, all five Central Asian governments are taking actions, showing that these f

Specifically, he criticised the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s implementation of a seemingly dual indirect election system, which cannot be considered a genuine indirect election system, as it severs the connection with direct elections and, consequently, with the will of the voters Such a proposal is certainly unsuitable to ethno-nationa

Framework Peace Agreement. It is important to emphasise that the Dayton Peace Agreement is, in essence, an international treaty, with its status defined by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which was opened for signature in 1969 and entered into force in 1980. What makes this international treaty particularly unique is that it includes

When President-elect Donald Trump takes office for the second time in January, two of his highest-profile supporters will be handed the keys to a new operation designed to slash government spending and improve its performance The Department of Government Efficiency, which, despite its name, will likely be an advisory committee rather than an actual